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Bead probe technology is a probing method used to connect electronic test equipment to the device under test (DUT) within a bed of nails fixture. The technique was first used in the 1990s [ 3 ] and originally given the name “Waygood Bump” after one of the main proponents, Rex Waygood.
A common form of in-circuit testing uses a bed-of-nails tester.This is a fixture that uses an array of spring-loaded pins known as "pogo pins". When a printed circuit board is aligned with and pressed down onto the bed-of-nails tester, the pins make electrical contact with locations on the circuit board, allowing them to be used as test points for in-circuit testing.
This helps distinguish between wild-type and mutant DNA fragments, as one fluorescent probe binds specifically to the wild-type DNA and the other to specific mutant DNA. Each fluorescently labeled bead is analyzed in a flow cytometer, resulting in a separation of mutant from wild-type DNA as well as the ratio of mutant to wild-type DNA present ...
Dressman et al. first describe this technique in 2003. - Step 3, Bead Enrichment: In practice, only 30% of beads have target DNA. To increase the number of beads that have target DNA, large polystyrene beads coated with A2 are added to the solution. Thus, any bead containing the extended products will bind polystyrene bead through its P2 end.
On the chip, there are two bead types for each CpG (or "CG", as per Figure 1) site per locus. Each locus tested is differentiated by different bead types. [1] Both bead types are attached to single-stranded 50-mer DNA oligonucleotides that differ in sequence only at the free end; this type of probe is known as an allele-specific oligonucleotide ...
In two-base encoding, each unique pair of bases on the 3' end of the probe is assigned one out of four possible colors. For example, "AA" is assigned to blue, "AC" is assigned to green, and so on for all 16 unique pairs. During sequencing, each base in the template is sequenced twice, and the resulting data are decoded according to this scheme.
The template probe is fully complementary to the oligonucleotide analyte and is intended to serve as a substrate for T4 DNA ligase-mediated ligation. The template probe has in addition an additional stretch complementary to a ligation probe so that the ligation probe will ligate onto the 3'-end of the analyte. Albeit generic, the ligation probe ...
Here, a laser beam is used to trap a translucent bead which is then brought into contact with the soft sample so as to indent it. [25] The trap stiffness depends on the laser power and bead material, and a typical value is ~50 pN/μm. The probe size can be a micron or