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Porphyria / p ɔːr ˈ f ɪr i ə / is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. [1] The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and short in duration. [1]
Psychiatric symptoms are present, such as paranoid schizophrenia-like features but rarely psychosis and hallucinations. [4] The acute attacks classically present with dark-red photosensitive urine (often called port-wine urine), but this is a nonspecific symptom. [12] Physical examination often shows no abnormalities. [13]
Psychomotor agitation is a symptom in various disorders and health conditions. It is characterized by unintentional and purposeless motions and restlessness, often but not always accompanied by emotional distress and is always an indicative for admission.
These antipsychotic medications have adverse effects such as weight gain and induce feelings of fatigue that inhibit physical activity. The request for the people with schizophrenia to exercise for cardiovascular health then take medications (originally named "major tranquilizers") that inhibit activity is a double bind. [20] [21]
Onset over the age of 60, which may be difficult to differentiate as schizophrenia, is known as very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis. [55] Late onset has shown that a higher rate of females are affected; they have less severe symptoms and need lower doses of antipsychotics. [ 55 ]
People having SMI experience symptoms that prevent them from having experiences that contribute to a good quality of life, due to social, physical, and psychological limitations of their illnesses. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In 2021, there was a 5.5% prevalence rate of U.S. adults diagnosed with SMI, with the highest percentage being in the 18 to 25 ...
The most well-known health issue involving porphobilinogen deaminase is acute intermittent porphyria, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder where insufficient hydroxymethylbilane is produced, leading to a build-up of porphobilinogen in the cytoplasm. This is caused by a gene mutation that, in 90% of cases, causes decreased amounts of enzyme.
They called for further research on the subject, as chlorpromazine is a cheap benchmark drug and one of the most used treatments for schizophrenia worldwide. [15] Chlorpromazine has also been used in porphyria and as part of tetanus treatment. It is still recommended for short-term management of severe anxiety and psychotic aggression.
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