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Logical consequence, also known as a consequence relation, or entailment; Consequent, in logic, the second half of a hypothetical proposition or consequences; Consequentialism, a theory in philosophy in which the morality of an act is determined by its effects; Unintended consequences; Consequence, in operant conditioning, a result of some behavior
A formal consequence must be true in all cases, however this is an incomplete definition of formal consequence, since even the argument "P is Q ' s brother's son, therefore P is Q ' s nephew" is valid in all cases, but is not a formal argument. [1]
The normative status of an action depends on its consequences according to consequentialism. The consequences of the actions of an agent may include other actions by this agent. Actualism and possibilism disagree on how later possible actions impact the normative status of the current action by the same agent.
Appeal to consequences, also known as argumentum ad consequentiam (Latin for "argument to the consequence"), is an argument that concludes a hypothesis (typically a belief) to be either true or false based on whether the premise leads to desirable or undesirable consequences. [1]
A result is the final consequence of a sequence of actions or events expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. Possible results include advantage, disadvantage, gain, injury, loss, value, and victory. There may be a range of possible outcomes associated with an event depending on the point of view, historical distance or relevance. Reaching no ...
In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign, ∴, is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read therefore. While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand.
An erosion gully in Australia caused by rabbits, an unintended consequence of their introduction as game animals. In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen.
The consequent in a hypothetical proposition is not necessarily a consequence of the antecedent. If monkeys are purple, then fish speak Klingon. "Fish speak Klingon" is the consequent here, but intuitively is not a consequence of (nor does it have anything to do with) the claim made in the antecedent that "monkeys are purple".