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  2. Cognitive effects of bilingualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_effects_of...

    A bilingual individual's initial exposure to both languages may start in early childhood, e.g. before age 3, [5] but exposure may also begin later in life, in monolingual or bilingual education. Equal proficiency in a bilingual individuals' languages is rarely seen as it typically varies by domain. [6] For example, a bilingual individual may ...

  3. Bilingual education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_education

    In a maintenance bilingual education program, the goal is for students to continue to learn about and in both languages for the majority of their education. [5] Students in a maintenance bilingual education program should graduate being able to have a discussion about any content area in either language. [ 6 ]

  4. Language immersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_immersion

    There are challenges to developing high proficiency in two languages or balance in bilingual skills, especially for early immersion students. Children complete the development of their first language by the age 7, and L1 and L2 affect each other during language development. [29] High levels of bilingual proficiency are hard to achieve.

  5. Sheltered instruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheltered_instruction

    Teachers focus on teaching important language skills while teaching regular lessons, helping students succeed not just in school, but in life beyond the classroom. [ 5 ] Overall, sheltered instruction makes classrooms more inclusive and helps all students succeed, no matter where they come from or what language they speak.

  6. Bilingual memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_memory

    Bilingualism is the regular use of two fluent languages, and bilinguals are those individuals who need and use two (or more) languages in their everyday lives. [1] A person's bilingual memories are heavily dependent on the person's fluency, the age the second language was acquired, and high language proficiency to both languages. [2]

  7. Cognitive academic language proficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Academic...

    Basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) are language skills needed to interact in social situations, for example, when chatting to a friend. BICS refers primarily to context-bound, face-to-face communication, like the language first learned by toddlers and preschoolers, which is used in everyday social interaction.

  8. Communicative language teaching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_language...

    Education was a high priority for the Council of Europe, which set out to provide a syllabus that would meet the needs of European immigrants. [11] Among the studies that it used in designing the course was one by a British linguist, D. A. Wilkins, that defined language using "notions" and "functions," rather than more traditional categories of ...

  9. Life skills-based education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Skills-Based_Education

    Life skills-based education (LSBE) is a form of education that focuses on cultivating personal life skills such as self-reflection, critical thinking, problem solving and interpersonal skills. In 1986, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion recognized life skills in terms of making better health choices.