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  2. Atomicity (database systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomicity_(database_systems)

    In database systems, atomicity (/ ˌ æ t ə ˈ m ɪ s ə t i /; from Ancient Greek: ἄτομος, romanized: átomos, lit. 'undividable') is one of the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transaction properties. An atomic transaction is an indivisible and irreducible series of database operations such that either all occur ...

  3. ACID - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID

    Atomicity is the guarantee that series of database operations in an atomic transaction will either all occur (a successful operation), or none will occur (an unsuccessful operation). The series of operations cannot be separated with only some of them being executed, which makes the series of operations "indivisible".

  4. Atomic commit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_commit

    As shown in the example atomic commits are critical to multistep operations in databases. Due to modern hardware design of the physical disk on which the database resides true atomic commits cannot exist. The smallest area that can be written to on disk is known as a sector. A single database entry may span several different sectors.

  5. Atomicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomicity

    Atomicity (database systems), a property of database transactions which are guaranteed to either completely occur, or have no effects; Atomicity (programming), an operation appears to occur at a single instant between its invocation and its response; Atomicity, a property of an S-expression, in a symbolic language like Lisp

  6. Write-ahead logging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write-ahead_logging

    After a certain amount of operations, the program should perform a checkpoint, writing all the changes specified in the WAL to the database and clearing the log. WAL allows updates of a database to be done in-place. Another way to implement atomic updates is with shadow paging, which is not in-place. The main advantage of doing updates in-place ...

  7. Read–modify–write - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read–modify–write

    In computer science, read–modify–write is a class of atomic operations (such as test-and-set, fetch-and-add, and compare-and-swap) that both read a memory location and write a new value into it simultaneously, either with a completely new value or some function of the previous value.

  8. Obama vs. Romney Electoral Map - elections.huffingtonpost.com

    elections.huffingtonpost.com/2012/romney-vs...

    Maps and electoral vote counts for the 2012 presidential election. Our latest estimate has Obama at 303 electoral votes and Romney at 191.

  9. Distributed transaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_transaction

    In practice most commercial database systems use strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) for concurrency control, which ensures global serializability, if all the participating databases employ it. A common algorithm for ensuring correct completion of a distributed transaction is the two-phase commit (2PC).