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  2. Second messenger system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_messenger_system

    The ions are normally bound or stored in intracellular components (such as the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)) and can be released during signal transduction. The enzyme phospholipase C produces diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate, which increases calcium ion permeability into the membrane. Active G-protein open up calcium channels to let ...

  3. Calcium signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_signaling

    Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca 2+ is important for cellular signalling , for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins .

  4. List of human blood components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_blood_components

    Intracellular signal transduction molecule ... Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels ... Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) 4 ...

  5. Ionization energies of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the...

    The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]

  6. Calcium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_in_biology

    The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium in 1997 and updated those values in 2011. [6] See table. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses the term Population Reference Intake (PRIs) instead of RDAs and sets slightly different numbers: ages 4–10 800 mg, ages 11–17 1150 mg, ages 18–24 1000 mg, and >25 years 950 mg. [10]

  7. Calcium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel

    A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, [1] which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand.

  8. Calcium pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_pump

    Data from crystallography studies by Chikashi Toyoshima applied to the above cycle [6] [7] E1 - high affinity for Ca 2+ , 2 Ca 2+ bound, 2 H + counter ions released E1⋅2Ca 2+ - cytoplasmic gate open, free Ca 2+ ion exchange occurs between bound ions and those in cytoplasm, closed configuration of N , P , A domains broken, exposing catalytic site

  9. Molar ionization energies of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies...

    The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...