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Glial tumor is a general term for numerous tumors of the central nervous system, including astrocytomas, ependymal tumors, Oligodendroglioma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors into different categories according to severity and recurrence. [ 1 ]
A glioma is a type of primary tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or spinal cord.They are cancerous but some are extremely slow to develop. [2] [3] Gliomas comprise about 30 percent of all brain tumors and central nervous system tumours, and 80 percent of all malignant brain tumours.
The term glioblastoma multiforme was introduced in 1926 by Percival Bailey and Harvey Cushing, based on the idea that the tumor originates from primitive precursors of glial cells , and the highly variable appearance due to the presence of necrosis, hemorrhage, and cysts (multiform).
Primary tumors of the glial cells are called gliomas and often are malignant by the time they are diagnosed. [38] The thalamus and hypothalamus are major divisions of the diencephalon, with the pituitary gland and pineal gland attached at the bottom; tumors of the pituitary [39] and pineal gland [40] are often benign.
Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell. They occur primarily in adults (9.4% of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors) but are also found in children (4% of all primary brain tumors).
A ganglioglioma (or gangliocytoma) is a rare, slow-growing primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor which most frequently occurs in the temporal lobes of children and young adults. [3] They are mixed cell tumors containing both neural ganglionic cells and neural glial cell components. [4]
In some astrocytomas, the number of gemistocytes is extremely overwhelming, terming it a “gemistocytic astrocytoma.” Not only are gemistocytic cells present in astrocytomas, but they are also found in various glial tumor cells; for example, oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligoastrocytomas, glioblastomas, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas.
Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor.Astrocytomas (also astrocytomata) originate from a specific kind of star-shaped glial cell in the cerebrum called an astrocyte.This type of tumor does not usually spread outside the brain and spinal cord and it does not usually affect other organs.
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