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Frank Aiken, Minister for the Co-ordination of Defensive Measures, 1939–1945 Recruitment Poster for the Volunteer Reserve Forces, 1939.. On 1 September 1939, German troops invaded Poland from the west (followed on 17 September by the Soviet Union from the east), precipitating war with the UK, France, and their allies.
Below is the timeline of maritime events during the Emergency, [note 1] [1] (as World War II was known in Ireland). This period was referred to as The Long Watch by Irish Mariners. This list is of events which affected the Irish Mercantile Marine, [note 2] other ships carrying Irish exports or imports, and events near the Irish coast.
20 February – The emergency Scientific Research Bureau was set up to seek alternatives to raw materials in short supply. [1]21 February – The first flight by a British Royal Air Force (RAF) flying boat took place through the "Donegal Corridor", Irish airspace between its base in Northern Ireland and the Atlantic Ocean, a concession secretly agreed by Éamon de Valera.
The Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II continued essential overseas trade in the conflict, a period referred to as The Long Watch by Irish mariners. [ 1 ] [ note 1 ] Irish merchant shipping saw to it that vital imports continued to arrive and exports, mainly food supplies to Great Britain, were delivered.
5 March – it is announced that Ireland is to have a new Central Bank replacing the old Currency Commission. 16 March – Irish Willow is detained by German submarine U-753 but released. April – attempted shooting of two Garda Síochána detectives during a ceremony at Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin, for which Brendan Behan is imprisoned.
26 January – Séamus Hegarty, bishop of the Diocese of Raphoe, later bishop of the Diocese of Derry (died 2019). 2 February – Brendan Daly, Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) and Cabinet Minister, Senator (died 2023). 9 February – Seamus Deane, poet and novelist (died 2021). 1 March – Nuala O'Faolain, journalist and writer (died 2008).
The original use of the term "United Nations" in 1942–45 always referred to the Allies of World War II. Ireland had applied to join the UN in 1946, following the demise of the League of Nations, whose final Secretary-General was Irish diplomat Seán Lester. [64]
World War II [b] or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war .