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Vietnamese has traditionally been divided into three dialect regions: North (45%), Central (10%), and South (45%). Michel Ferlus and Nguyễn Tài Cẩn found that there was a separate North-Central dialect for Vietnamese as well.
Vietnamese often uses instead a register complex (which is a combination of phonation type, pitch, length, vowel quality, etc.). Thus, it may be more accurate to categorize Vietnamese as a register language rather than a "pure" tonal language. [27] In Vietnamese orthography, tone is indicated by diacritics written above or below the vowel.
The central dialects, which make the distinctions of both, are generally represented in articles here, except if a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant. See Vietnamese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Vietnamese.
In Central Vietnamese, the number of tones is reduced to 5 (om Quảng Trị and Huế accents) or only 4 (in Hà Tĩnh, Nghệ An and Quảng Bình accents). One of the distinctive feature of Central Vietnamese and Quảng Nam accent is the use of a different set of particles and pronouns, making it stand apart from Northern and Southern ...
Regions of Vietnam Macro-region Region provinces included Area (km 2) Population (April 1, 2023) [70] Population density (people /km 2) Notes Northern Vietnam (Bắc Bộ, Miền Bắc) Northwest (Tây Bắc Bộ) Điện Biên; Hòa Bình; Lai Châu; Lào Cai; Sơn La; Yên Bái; 44,301.1 5,415,000 100.37 Contains inland provinces in the west ...
1.4 Language diagrams. 1.4.1 North ... thirty Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 700,000 people in Vietnam, ... is a dialect chain to the west of ...
Mường dialects are primarily spoken in mountainous regions of the northern Vietnamese provinces of Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa, Vĩnh Phúc, Yên Bái, Sơn La, and Ninh Bình. Mường has all six tones of Vietnamese ; however, the nặng (heavy) tone is present only in Phú Thọ and Thanh Hóa provinces while in Hòa Bình Province, it is ...
Thus, Nguyễn(2009) classified Kẹo as a dialect of Vietnamese or even a sub-dialect of Nghệ An dialect; Thổ Lâm La and Thổ Như Xuân share respectively 94% and 95% basic lexicon with Nghệ An dialect. However, Nguyễn (2009) argued that two Thổ languages experienced a different phonological innovation with Vietnamese.