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California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. After contact with Spanish explorers, many of the Native Americans died from foreign diseases. Finally, in the 19th century there was a genocide by United States government and private citizens, which is known as the California genocide. [1]
Before Europeans landed in North America, about one-third of all natives in what is now the United States were living in the area that is now California. [2] California indigenous language diversity numbered 80 to 90 languages and dialects, some surviving to the present although endangered. [3] Native American shell fish hook from California.
Before 1768: An enlargeable territorial map of California tribal groups and languages prior to European contact within the modern day borders. Before 1768 : An enlargeable map of the world showing the dividing lines for; Pope Alexander VI 's Inter caetera papal bull (1493), the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), and the Treaty of Saragossa (1529).
California: United States: Founded as a Presidio (military settlement). The first civilian settler, William A. Richardson, arrived in 1822. 1776 Sincelejo: Sucre: Colombia 1777: San Jose: California: United States: Originally known as El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first town in the Spanish colony of Nueva California, which later ...
There is a village called Miramar in Valencia, Spain, where could lie the origins of all the cities in America with that name, as there are registries of the town before the year 1527.) Modesto, California ("Modest") Monterey, California ("King's Mountain", from Spanish Monterrey) Montevallo, Alabama ("Surrounding Mountain")
These California land grants were made by Spanish (1784–1821) and Mexican (1822–1846) authorities of Las Californias and Alta California to private individuals before California became part of the United States of America. [1] Under Spain, no private land ownership was allowed, so the grants were more akin to free leases.
Alta California ('Upper California'), also known as Nueva California ('New California') among other names, [a] was a province of New Spain formally established in 1804. Along with the Baja California peninsula , it had previously comprised the province of Las Californias , but was made a separate province in 1804 (named Nueva California ). [ 1 ]
As the first area of California in which Europeans settled, San Diego has been described as "the birthplace of California". [1] Explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo was the first European to discover San Diego Bay in 1542, roughly 200 years before other Europeans settled the area.