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A chronological map of the Norman Conquests, including England (1066–1485, not always in personal union with Normandy), Normandy (911–1204), southern Italy and Sicily (1030–1263), parts of Africa around Tripoli (1146–1158), and the Crusader state of the Principality of Antioch along with associated vassals, the Principality of Ancyra ...
The Norman conquest of southern Italy lasted from 999 to 1194, involving many battles and independent conquerors. In 1130, the territories in southern Italy united as the Kingdom of Sicily, which included the island of Sicily, the southern third of the Italian Peninsula (except Benevento, which was briefly held twice), the archipelago of Malta, and parts of North Africa.
The book Robert O. Paxton's Vichy France, Old Guard, New Order describes how the Italian zone acted as a refuge for Jews fleeing persecution in Vichy France during the occupation. The Italian Jewish banker Angelo Donati had an important role in convincing the Italian civil and military authorities to protect the Jews from French persecution. [9]
The Italian Social Republic (Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana, Italian: [reˈpubblika soˈtʃaːle itaˈljaːna]; RSI; German: Italienische Sozialrepublik, German: [ˌiˑtaˈli̯eːnɪʃə zoˈtsi̯aːlʁepuˈbliːk]), known prior to December 1943 as the National Republican State of Italy (Italian: Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia; SNRI), but more popularly known as the Republic of ...
The Romanization of Normandy was achieved by the usual methods: Roman roads and a policy of urbanization. Classicists have knowledge of many Gallo-Roman villas in Normandy, thanks in large part to finds made during construction of the A29 autoroute in Seine-Maritime. These country houses were often laid out according to two major plans.
Arromanches-les-Bains is 12 km north-east of Bayeux and 10 km west of Courseulles-sur-Mer on the coast where the Normandy landings took place on D-Day, 6 June 1944.Access to the commune is by the D514 road from Tracy-sur-Mer in the west passing through the town and continuing to Saint-Côme-de-Fresné in the east.
It was from the harbour of Dives-sur-Mer that William the Conqueror set out on the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. On the night before sailing to Pevensey Bay for battle, William and 475 barons and knights from Normandy, Flanders, and Brittany attended Dives-sur-Mer Church for Mass and prayers.
Calvados (UK: / ˈ k æ l v ə d ɒ s /, US: /-d oʊ s, ˌ k æ l v ə ˈ d oʊ s, ˌ k ɑː l v ə ˈ-/, French: ⓘ) [needs Norman IPA] is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. [3] It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905. [4]