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Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): A cross section of a young Ranunculus root. The epidermis and cortex are in a similar arrangement as in monocots. However, the vascular cylinder has no internal pith region.
Eudicots. In eudicot roots, the vascular tissue fills the center of the root, and there is no pith. This arrangment is called a protostele. The xylem and phloem of the stele are arranged alternately in an X shape (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)).
The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants (angiosperms) which are mainly characterized by having two seed leaves (cotyledons) upon germination. [1] The term derives from dicotyledon (etymologically, eu = true; di = two; cotyledon = seed leaf).
In eudicot stems, the vascular tissue is arranged into a ring (the vascular cylinder) that separates the ground tissue into two distinct regions. The region of ground tissue contained within the vascular cylinder is called the pith.
Dicot roots are taproots consisting of a single primary root from which secondary and tertiary roots develop and grow vertically downwards through the soil. The roots are a non-green part of the plan that is present below the soil and do not have any nodes or internodes.
In most plants, roots fulfill two fundamental roles: absorption of water and nutrients, and anchorage. Grass Seedling Root: Make a wet mount of a grass seedling and observe the seedling root at 40x. Identify the root cap. Above the root cap are growing tissues extending up to the root hairs.
Compare the structure of monocots and eudicots. Compare the structures and functions of roots, stems, and leaves. leaves: required for photosynthesis. Define a tissue system. Describe the three main types of tissue systems found in young eudicot roots, stems, and leaves. tissue system: group of cells that together perform a specialized function.
Eudicot roots typically have a central vascular cylinder. The core is filled with xylem tissue that is fluted in outline. The ridges of this core of xylem are filled with protoxylem and are called protoxylem poles.
Overall, eudicots generally have tap roots while monocots have fibrous roots (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\); Chapter 2). There are exceptions to this rule, for example, eudicot species may have adventitious roots.
Roots: In dicot roots, the xylem and phloem of the stele (vascular bundle) are arranged alternately in an X shape, whereas in monocot roots, the vascular tissue is arranged in a ring around the pith. In addition, monocots tend to have fibrous roots while eudicots tend to have a tap root (both illustrated above near the start of the reading).