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The Roman Republic was a democracy. Its government consisted of the Senate and four assemblies: the Comitia Curiata, the Comitia Centuriata, the Concilium Plebis, and the Comitia Tributa. Nevertheless, in emergency situations the Senate and consuls would appoint a temporary dictator to rule for a limited amount of time.
The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana [ˈreːs ˈpuːblɪka roːˈmaːna]) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
The Roman Republic began in 509 B.C. when the Romans expelled the Etruscan kings and set up their own government. Having witnessed the problems of the monarchy on their own land, and aristocracy and democracy among the Greeks , they opted for a mixed form of government, with three branches.
The Roman government of the old Republic had created a unique system of the division of power which was a safeguard against oppression by any single individual. Power, for the most part, lay with a voting public.
Around 509, the Romans expelled their Etruscan kings and established the Roman Republic, with 3 branches of government.
From this simple beginning, the city would create a new government, a government that would one day dominate an area from the North Sea southward through Gaul and Germania, westward to Hispania, and eastward to Greece, Syria and North Africa. The great Mediterranean became a Roman lake.
Much like the modern U.S. government, most of the government of ancient Rome can be divided into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. There are, however, some differences in function, and the Roman government had at least one important component (the Senate) which does not fit this scheme well.
As they adapted to the special features of their society, including its rapidly increasing size, the Romans created a political structure so complex and idiosyncratic that later democratic leaders chose not to emulate it.
The constitution of the Roman Republic was a set of uncodified norms and customs which, [1] together with various written laws, [2] guided the procedural governance of the Roman Republic.
The government of the Roman Republic comprised three elements: a system of magistrates, a Senate, and a number of popular assemblies. The executive office was held by two annually elected consuls who served as chief magistrates and held imperium (absolute power).