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There was a substantial Bulgarian population still living under Ottoman rule, particularly in Macedonia. To complicate matters, Serbia and Greece too made claims over parts of Macedonia. Thus began the Balkan Wars, a five-sided struggle for control of these areas which lasted through World War I (Bulgaria during World War I). In 1903 there was ...
The Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of 3 March 1878.
The Bulgarian National Revival, emerging in the late 18th century, revived Bulgarian identity and stoked the idea of creating a new Bulgarian state. Numerous revolutionary movements and uprisings against the Ottomans occurred alongside similar movements in the rest of the Balkans, culminating in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 to 1878.
The Treaty of San Stefano was signed on 3 March 1878 and set up an autonomous Bulgarian principality on the territories of the Second Bulgarian Empire, including the regions of Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, [73] [74] though the state was de jure only autonomous but de facto functioned independently.
The independence of Bulgaria was formally proclaimed at the Holy Forty Martyrs Church in Tarnovo. As part of the proclamation, Ferdinand raised Bulgaria from a principality to a kingdom, increasing its international prestige. In a nod to past Bulgarian states, Ferdinand took the title of "tsar," which was translated as "king" outside of Bulgaria.
A Bulgarian Exarchate is established. 1876: The major April Uprising is brutally suppressed, resulting in a public outcry in Europe. [2] 1878: March: Russia and Turkey signed the Treaty of San Stefano. [2] July: Treaty of Berlin was signed and split Bulgaria in three parts with different destiny. [2] 1885-1886
Bulgaria had comparatively weak economic growth from the 1870s to World War I. [41] [42] The Bulgarian export sector collapsed after Bulgarian independence in 1878. [41] By 1903, industrial output in Bulgaria was far lower than in 1870. [41] During the 1930s, the Bulgarian economy was described as an economy militarily bound to Germany.
From 1878 to World War I, the main focus of historical research was medieval Bulgarian history. During this period, historiography helped shape national consciousness and pride using historical knowledge, in line with other European countries as well as other Balkan states. [ 6 ]