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California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. After contact with Spanish explorers, many of the Native Americans died from foreign diseases. Finally, in the 19th century there was a genocide by United States government and private citizens, which is known as the California genocide. [1]
Before Europeans landed in North America, about one-third of all natives in what is now the United States were living in the area that is now California. [2] California indigenous language diversity numbered 80 to 90 languages and dialects, some surviving to the present although endangered. [3] Native American shell fish hook from California.
Below is a list of the governors of early California (1769–1850), before its admission as the 31st U.S. state. First explored by Gaspar de Portolá, with colonies established at San Diego and Monterey, California was a remote, sparsely-settled Spanish province of New Spain. In 1822, following Mexican independence, California became part of ...
American period: An enlargeable map of the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. American period : An enlargeable map of the United States after the Compromise of 1850 . American period : The Nataqua Territory extension into California (light yellow), and Nevada's Roop County claim (light yellow area plus area outlined in ...
The borders encompass the historic homelands of the Indigenous peoples of California, in numerous tribal territories present for over 10,000 years. The region was claimed for Spain in 1542, later becoming a Spanish colony (1768—1821), a territory of independent Mexico (1821—1848), and a provisional territory of the U.S. (1848-1850).
one of the first writers of Californian history [3] José Figueroa: 1792–1835 writer, military leader, politician General and the Mexican Governor of Alta California from 1833 to 1835; [4] [5] author of the first book published in California and Governor of Alta California: William Gaxton: 1893–1963 San Francisco, California, U.S. actor
The Jesuits went on to found a total of 18 missions in the lower two-thirds of the Baja California Peninsula. A New Map of North America, produced in London following the 1763 Treaty of Paris, five years before the establishment of the Province of the Californias. Note the name "California" placed on the Baja California Peninsula.
1507 – A new world map by Martin Waldseemuller names the continents of the New World "America" in honor of Amerigo Vespucci. 1508 – First European colony and oldest known European settlement in a United States territory is founded at Caparra, Puerto Rico, by Juan Ponce de León. 1512 – Laws of Burgos