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The Babyloniaca is a text written in the Greek language by the Babylonian priest and historian Berossus in the 3rd century BCE. Although the work is now lost, it survives in substantial fragments from subsequent authors, especially in the works of the fourth-century CE Christian author and bishop Eusebius, [1] and was known to a limited extent in learned circles as late as late antiquity. [2]
The undated Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agnostic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic Socratic method of Socrates and Plato. [2] The Milesian philosopher Thales is also said to have studied philosophy in Mesopotamia.
The name "Berossus" likely originates from a theophoric name whose first component was Bel, meaning "Lord," which was a common title for Marduk.The original name was either either Bēl-rē’ûšunu, meaning "the god Bel is their shepherd," or Bēl-uṣuršu, meaning "O Bel watch over him!"
Diogenes of Babylon (also known as Diogenes of Seleucia; Ancient Greek: Διογένης Βαβυλώνιος; Latin: Diogenes Babylonius; c. 230 – c. 150/140 BC [1]) was a Stoic philosopher. He was the head of the Stoic school in Athens , and he was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC.
In the 1980s, Høyrup began a reanalysis of Old Babylonian "algebra", based on a close inspection of Babylonian arithmetical terminology. [4] He pioneered the use of "conformal translation" in this context, thereby preserving the distinctions between different conceptions of what had been regarded as equivalent mathematical operations.
A map showing the generally defined area of the Fertile Crescent in red. Panbabylonism (also known as Panbabylonianism) was the school of thought that considered the cultures and religions of the Middle East and civilization in general to be ultimately derived from Babylonian myths which in turn they viewed as being based on Babylonian astronomy, often in hidden ways.
[7] Another important methodological feature is the use of periodization, which involves dividing the history of philosophy into distinct periods, each corresponding to one or several philosophical tendencies prevalent during that historical timeframe. [8] Traditionally, the history of philosophy has focused primarily on Western philosophy.