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Bone marrow failure in both children and adults can be either inherited or acquired. Inherited bone marrow failure is often the cause in young children, while older children and adults may acquire the disease later in life. [3] Acquired bone marrow failure may be due to aplastic anemia [4] or myelodysplastic syndrome.
Myelophthisic anemia (or myelophthisis) is a severe type of anemia found in some people with diseases that affect the bone marrow. Myelophthisis refers to the displacement of hemopoietic bone-marrow tissue [1] by fibrosis, tumors, or granulomas. The word comes from the roots myelo-, which refers to bone marrow, and phthisis, shrinkage or atrophy.
Some types of MDS cause an increase in the production of immature blood cells (called blasts), in the bone marrow or blood. [3] The different types of MDS are identified based on the specific characteristics of the changes in the blood cells and bone marrow. [3]
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. [2] In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
Bone biopsy shows abnormal megakaryocytes, macrocytic erythropoiesis, and defects in neutrophil production and fibrosis of the marrow (myelofibrosis).. Clinically, patients present with reduction in the count of all blood cells (pancytopenia), very few blasts in the peripheral blood, and no or little spleen enlargement (splenomegaly).
Bone marrow is typically hypocellular, with maturation arrest in the myeloid lineages that give rise to neutrophils, macrophages, platelets and red blood cells. Patients may also develop progressive marrow failure or transform to acute myelogenous leukemia.
Because the bone marrow is the manufacturing center of blood cells, the suppression of bone marrow activity causes a deficiency of blood cells. This condition can rapidly lead to life-threatening infection , as the body cannot produce leukocytes in response to invading bacteria and viruses , as well as leading to anaemia due to a lack of red ...
In comparison to the bone marrow, where trilineage hematopoiesis occurs, the lungs preferentially contribute to the production of platelets through a resident population of megakaryocytes. This is supported by studies showing that blood leaving the lungs has more platelets and fewer progenitor cells than blood entering the lungs.