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Entering a Hohmann transfer orbit from Earth to Jupiter from low Earth orbit requires a delta-v of 6.3 km/s, [170] which is comparable to the 9.7 km/s delta-v needed to reach low Earth orbit. [171] Gravity assists through planetary flybys can be used to reduce the energy required to reach Jupiter. [172]
According to the IAU's explicit count, there are eight planets in the Solar System; four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and four giant planets, which can be divided further into two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). When excluding the Sun, the four giant planets account for more than ...
The choice of solar mass, M ☉, as the basic unit for planetary mass comes directly from the calculations used to determine planetary mass.In the most precise case, that of the Earth itself, the mass is known in terms of solar masses to twelve significant figures: the same mass, in terms of kilograms or other Earth-based units, is only known to five significant figures, which is less than a ...
The mass of Jupiter is derived from the measured value called the Jovian mass parameter, which is denoted with GM J. The mass of Jupiter is calculated by dividing GM J by the constant G. For celestial bodies such as Jupiter, Earth and the Sun, the value of the GM product is known to many orders of magnitude more precisely than either factor ...
In the more general case where the bodies need not be a large one and a small one, e.g. a binary star system, we define: the vector r is the position of one body relative to the other; r, v, and in the case of an elliptic orbit, the semi-major axis a, are defined accordingly (hence r is the distance)
The sun, Earth and Jupiter will nearly align perfectly in the solar system on Monday, Sept. 26, during an event that happens once every 13 months called the Jupiter opposition. This is also around ...
It is a generalisation of the vector form, which becomes particularly useful if more than two objects are involved (such as a rocket between the Earth and the Moon). For two objects (e.g. object 2 is a rocket, object 1 the Earth), we simply write r instead of r 12 and m instead of m 2 and define the gravitational field g(r) as:
However, even the metric system needs some way to define its base measurements. For more than a century, the kilogram was defined as the mass of a chunk of platinum-iridium alloy housed at the ...