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The ten percent plan, formally the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (13 Stat. 737), was a United States presidential proclamation issued on December 8, 1863, by United States President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War.
The Wade–Davis Bill emerged from a plan introduced in the Senate by Ira Harris of New York in February, 1863. [2]It was written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland, and proposed to base the Reconstruction of the South on the federal government's power to guarantee a republican form of government.
Reconstruction: Political & Economic, 1865-1877 (1905) Dunning School. Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 (1988). Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (2005). Harris, William C. With Charity for All: Lincoln and the Restoration of the Union (1997).
The federal government generally picks up 90% of the tab and the state 10% when replacing disaster-damaged interstate highways and bridges, but exceptions have occurred in similar emergency cases ...
In 1863, Lincoln proposed the Ten percent plan, which suggested that this same oath apply to 10% Southern voters as part of Reconstruction. Congress then attempted to apply the oath to 51% of Southern voters in the Wade–Davis Bill of 1864 but was pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln, on the contrary, said that only individuals, not states, had rebelled. [99] In July 1864, Stevens pushed Lincoln to sign the Wade–Davis Bill, which required at least half of prewar voters to sign an oath of loyalty for a state to gain readmission. Lincoln, who advocated his more lenient ten percent plan, pocket vetoed it. [100]
Lincoln followed up on January 1, 1863 by formally issuing the final version of the Emancipation Proclamation, announcing that all slaves within the rebel states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
The first plan for legal reconstruction was introduced by Lincoln in his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, the so-called "ten percent plan" under which a loyal unionist state government would be established when ten percent of its 1860 voters pledged an oath of allegiance to the Union, with a complete pardon for those who pledged such ...