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Other serious side effects may include low blood potassium. [5] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally safe. [7] It works the same as human insulin by increasing the amount of glucose that tissues take in and decreasing the amount of glucose made by the liver. [5] Insulin lispro was first approved for use in the United States in 1996.
Some side effects are hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hypokalemia (low blood potassium), and allergic reactions. [6] Allergy to insulin affected about 2% of people, of which most reactions are not due to the insulin itself but to preservatives added to insulin such as zinc, protamine, and meta-cresol.
Onset of effects is typically in 90 minutes and they last for 24 hours. [3] Versions are available that come premixed with a short-acting insulin, such as regular insulin. [2] The common side effect is low blood sugar. [3] Other side effects may include pain or skin changes at the sites of injection, low blood potassium, and allergic reactions. [3]
Insulin degludec/insulin aspart is indicated for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children from the age of two years. [6] Insulin degludec and insulin aspart are slightly different from human insulin. [6] The differences mean that insulin degludec is absorbed more slowly by the body. [6]
Oral syringes are available in various sizes, from 1–10 mL and larger. An oral syringe is typically purple in colour to distinguish it from a standard injection syringe with a luer tip. [24] The sizes most commonly used are 1 mL, 2.5 mL, 3 mL, 5 mL and 10 mL. [25]
Injector pens remove some of the complications of syringes by allowing the pen to be "pushed" against the skin at a 90-degree angle (removing the need to inject at a proper angle as is the case with syringes), as well as by replacing a long, thin plunger of a syringe with a simple button which is depressed and held to inject the dose.
The common side effect is low blood sugar. [5] Other side effects may include pain or skin changes at the sites of injection, low blood potassium, and allergic reactions. [5] Use during pregnancy is relatively safe for the baby. [5] Regular insulin can be made from the pancreas of pigs or cows. [2]
The widespread immunization against polio during the period required the development of a fully disposable syringe system. [14] The 1950s also saw the rise and recognition of cross-contamination from used needles. This led to the development of the first fully disposable plastic syringe by New Zealand pharmacist Colin Murdoch in 1956. [15]
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