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Sound waves can diffract around objects, which is why one can still hear someone calling even when hiding behind a tree. [26] Diffraction can also be a concern in some technical applications; it sets a fundamental limit to the resolution of a camera, telescope, or microscope. Other examples of diffraction are considered below.
Because diffraction is the result of addition of all waves (of given wavelength) along all unobstructed paths, the usual procedure is to consider the contribution of an infinitesimally small neighborhood around a certain path (this contribution is usually called a wavelet) and then integrate over all paths (= add all wavelets) from the source to the detector (or given point on a screen).
Sonic artifact, in sound and music production, sonic material that is accidental or unwanted, resulting from the editing of another sound. Visual artifact, in imaging, any unwanted visual alteration introduced by the imaging equipment. Compression artifact, in computer graphics, distortion of media by the data compression.
Acousto-optics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between sound waves and light waves, especially the diffraction of laser light by ultrasound (or sound in general) through an ultrasonic grating. A diffraction image showing the acousto-optic effect.
One of the earliest examples of using sound to represent data is the dosimeter, or Geiger counter. This instrument was designed in 1928 to indicate the amount of radioactivity in a given place ...
[6] [7] It involved a very wide number of different enclosure shapes, and it showed that curved loudspeaker baffles reduce some response deviations due to sound wave diffraction. It was discovered later that careful placement of a speaker on a sharp-edged baffle can reduce diffraction-caused response problems.
According to the principle of diffraction, when a wave front passes an obstruction, it spreads out into the shadowed space.A creeping wave in electromagnetism or acoustics is the wave that is diffracted around the shadowed surface of a smooth body such as a sphere.
The Davisson–Germer experiment was a 1923–1927 experiment by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric (later Bell Labs), [1] [2] [3] in which electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern.