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The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right .
In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by 2025. [5] [6] [7] In China, the Cyrillic alphabet is also used by Chinese for learning the modern Mongolian language, as well as by some Mongols in Inner Mongolia to demonstrate their ethnic identity. [8] [9]
There is an English interface for Menksoft Mongolian IME; however, Menksoft did not build an English installation program. Therefore, Westerners must use the Chinese installation programs (including mojibake ), setting the language to the English interface through the language bar after installation.
The traditional Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongolian language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. Therefore, during the Yuan dynasty (c. 1269), Kublai Khan asked a Tibetan monk, Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, to design a new script for use by the whole empire.
1 Mongolian language. 2 Clear Script. ... 39 Additionally used in native and modern Mongolian ... Produced with U using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
Produced with G using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. [12] In the Mongolian Unicode block, ɣ/g comes after q/k and before m. May turn silent between vowels, and merge these into a long vowel or diphthong. [2]: 36–37 For more details on this, see Mongolian script multigraphs.
In the Mongolian version of the Latin alphabet, there were additional letters ɵ (Cyrillic: ө), ç (ч), ş (ш) and ƶ (ж); Y corresponded to the Cyrillic ү. K transliterated the sound that would later come to be represented in Cyrillic by х in native Mongolian words.
Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken (but not always written) by nearly 3.6 million people (2014 estimate), [16] and the official provincial language (both spoken and written forms) of Inner Mongolia, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. [17]