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In this map of the Observable Universe, objects appear enlarged to show their shape. From left to right celestial bodies are arranged according to their proximity to the Earth. This horizontal (distance to Earth) scale is logarithmic.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 January 2025. There is 1 pending revision awaiting review. Hypothetical group of multiple universes Not to be confused with Metaverse. "Multiverses" redirects here. Not to be confused with MultiVersus. For other uses, see Multiverse (disambiguation). Part of a series on Physical cosmology Big Bang ...
The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed at that time. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is ...
c. 16th century BCE – Mesopotamian cosmology has a flat, circular Earth enclosed in a cosmic ocean. [1]c. 15th–11th century BCE – The Rigveda of Hinduism has some cosmological hymns, particularly in the late book 10, notably the Nasadiya Sukta which describes the origin of the universe, originating from the monistic Hiranyagarbha or "Golden Egg".
In Greek times, the debate was largely philosophical and did not conform to present notions of cosmology.Cosmic pluralism was a corollary to notions of infinity, and the purported multitude of life-bearing worlds were more akin to parallel universes (either contemporaneously in space or infinitely recurring in time) than to different solar systems.
Today, Köhler's symbol is more common among astronomers, and Lalande's among astrologers, although it is not uncommon to see each symbol in the other context. [32] Several symbols were proposed for Neptune to accompany the suggested names for the planet.
Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale. There are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in all of the observable universe. [1] On the order of 100,000 galaxies make up the Local Supercluster, and about 51 galaxies are in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list).
The book The Five Ages of the Universe discusses the history, present state, and probable future of the universe, according to cosmologists' current understanding. The book divides the timeline of the universe into five eras: the Primordial Era, the Stelliferous Era, the Degenerate Era, the Black Hole Era and the Dark Era.