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They went from being a mostly rural population to one that was mostly urban. "The migration of African Americans from the rural south to the urban north became a mass movement." [16] The Great Migration radically transformed Chicago, both politically and culturally. [17] From 1910 to 1940, most African Americans who migrated north were from ...
Archibald Motley painting Blues (1929). The Chicago Black Renaissance (also known as the Black Chicago Renaissance) was a creative movement that blossomed out of the Chicago Black Belt on the city's South Side and spanned the 1930s and 1940s before a transformation in art and culture took place in the mid-1950s through the turn of the century.
The American Negro Exposition, also known as the Black World's Fair and the Diamond Jubilee Exposition, was a world's fair held in Chicago from July until September in 1940, to celebrate the 75th anniversary (also known as a diamond jubilee) of the end of slavery in the United States at the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865.
Following the Korean War, around 70,000 white people from the Mid-South moved to Chicago. These white people were mostly from the mountainous Appalachia region of Eastern Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, and West Virginia. [2] By the 1950s and 1960s, the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago had gained a reputation as a "Hillbilly Heaven".
By 1920, the city had added more than 1 million residents. During the second wave of the Great Migration (1940–60), the African-American population in the city grew from 278,000 to 813,000. African-American youths play basketball in Chicago's Stateway Gardens high-rise housing project in 1973.
Additionally, the African American population in the Roseland area increased exponentially following the riot. Takei cites census data for Chicago neighborhoods to track the increase—while only 4.2% of Roseland was African American in 1940, the black population grew to represent 18.4% of the community by 1950. [26]
The Great Depression was the worst economic crisis in US history. More than 15 million Americans were left jobless and unemployment reached 25%.
Claes Oldenburg was born in Sweden and only spent a few years in the 1950s in Chicago, but he sold his first works here, 5 pieces at the 57th Street Art Fair for $25. [14] Post-War art in Chicago was more figurative and less abstract than the New York fashion dictated, and was largely ignored by New York dealers and critics. [4]