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Due to geographical proximity, most of the early Christian critiques of Islam were associated with Eastern Christians. The Quran was not translated from Arabic into the Latin language until the 12th century, when the English Catholic priest Robert of Ketton made the Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete translation (Robert was active in the Diocese of Pamplona, not far removed from the Arabic-speakers in ...
The Catholic Church teaches that the existence of Hell began with the rejection of God by the fallen angels or demons. [10] Human beings who die in the state of mortal sin descend to Hell as well; although, it cannot be known now if a particular human person has died in mortal sin. [11]
Note 11] [Note 12] [166] This combines in Jahannam two concepts: an eternal hell (for unbelievers), and a place (an "outer level" of hell was sometimes called al-barrāniyya), [167] [168] resembling the Christian Catholic idea of purgatory (for believers eventually destined for heaven after punishment for their sins). [169]
In Islam, Jahannam (hell) is the final destiny and place of punishment in Afterlife for those guilty of disbelief and (according to some interpretations) evil doing in their lives on earth. [34] Hell is regarded as necessary for Allah's (God's) divine justice and justified by God's absolute sovereignty, and an "integral part of Islamic theology ...
In Catholic doctrine, purgatory refers to the final cleansing of those who died in the State of Grace, and leaves in them only "the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven"; [3] it is entirely different from the punishment of the damned and is not related to the forgiveness of sins for
The Catholic Church had technically banned the practice of selling indulgences as long ago as 1567. As the Times points out, a monetary donation wouldn't go amiss toward earning an indulgence.
If heaven is a state of supernatural happiness and union with God, and Hell is understood as a state of torture and separation from God then, in this view, the Limbo of Infants, although technically part of hell (the outermost part, limbo meaning 'outer edge' or 'hem') is seen as a sort of intermediate state.
[5]: 167–168 Like most Sunni, Shia Islam hold that all Muslims will eventually go to Jannah, [27] [28] and like the Ash'ari school, believe heedless and stubborn unbelievers will go to hell, while those ignorant of the truth of Islam but "truthful to their own religion", will not. [29]