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Population viability analysis (PVA) is a species-specific method of risk assessment frequently used in conservation biology. It is traditionally defined as the process that determines the probability that a population will go extinct within a given number of years.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH 2 CH(OH)] n . It is used in papermaking , textile warp sizing , as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing .
Polyvinyl alcohol −[HOCHCH 2]−: Polyvinyl acetate is partially or completely hydrolysed to give polyvinyl alcohol. This reversible saponification and esterification reaction was a strong hint for Hermann Staudinger in the formulation of his theory of macromolecules. [12]
PVA may refer to: Science and technology. Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, a part of the brain; Patterned vertical alignment, a thin-film-transistor liquid- ...
To calculate the future value of these regular investments, we can use the following formula for ordinary annuities: FV = C x [((1 + i)^n – 1) / i] where: FV = Future Value
Because of the instability of vinyl alcohol, the thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA or PVOH) is made indirectly by polymerization of vinyl acetate followed by hydrolysis of the ester bonds (Ac = acetyl; HOAc = acetic acid): [8] n CH 2 =CHOAc → (CH 2 −CHOAc) n (CH 2 −CHOAc) n + n H 2 O → (CH 2 −CHOH) n + n HOAc
To calculate the return on an annuity, take the current value and subtract the amount you invested. Divide that by the amount you invested and multiply by 100. For example, suppose you invested ...
Free online p-values calculators for various specific tests (chi-square, Fisher's F-test, etc.). Understanding p -values , including a Java applet that illustrates how the numerical values of p -values can give quite misleading impressions about the truth or falsity of the hypothesis under test.