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Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Most Lyme disease tests are designed to detect antibodies made by the body in response to infection. Since these antibodies can take weeks to develop, individuals may test negative if infected ...
In contrast to these recognized medical conditions, the promotion of chronic Lyme disease has been accused of being health fraud. [17] In many cases there is no objective evidence that people who believe they have chronic Lyme have ever been infected with Lyme disease: standard diagnostic tests for infection are often negative. [2] [21]
Eight are known to cause Lyme disease or Borreliosis. [6] The major Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. [23] All species that cause Lyme disease are referred to collectively as B. burgdorferi sensu lato, [10] while B. burgdorferi itself is specified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto.
The results of a 2024 study note that more than 88,000 Medicare beneficiaries over ages 65 years received a diagnosis and treatment for Lyme disease from 2016 to 2019. Most diagnoses were males in ...
The genomic variations have direct implications on the clinical symptoms of tick-borne Lyme disease. For example, B. burgdorferi s.s.’s tick-borne Lyme disease may manifest with arthritis-like symptoms. [9] In contrast, B. garinii’s tick-borne Lyme disease may cause an infection of the central nervous system. [9]
Borrelia afzelii is a species of Borrelia endemic to parts of Eurasia where it is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease.It is transmitted by hard-bodied ticks of the Ixodes genus (Ixodes ricinus in Europe, and Ixodes persulcatus in temperate regions of Asia), infecting various wild mammals in nature.
A negative result in a test with high sensitivity can be useful for "ruling out" disease, [4] since it rarely misdiagnoses those who do have the disease. A test with 100% sensitivity will recognize all patients with the disease by testing positive. In this case, a negative test result would definitively rule out the presence of the disease in a ...