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Intraocular hemorrhage (sometimes called hemophthalmos or hemophthalmia) is bleeding inside the eye (oculus in Latin). Bleeding can occur from any structure of the eye where there is vasculature or blood flow, including the anterior chamber , vitreous cavity, retina , choroid , suprachoroidal space, or optic disc .
Intraocular hemorrhage can also result from elevated intracranial pressure caused by tumors or brain swelling, but this may go unnoticed if Terson's disease is not diagnosed. In order to treat the neurological and ocular components of the illness and avoid long-term visual impairment, early detection and timely intervention are essential.
Management includes assessing whether emergency action (including referral) is needed, or whether treatment can be accomplished without additional resources. Slit lamp examination is invaluable in diagnosis but initial assessment can be performed using a careful history, testing vision ( visual acuity ), and carrying out a penlight examination .
Subconjunctival bleeding, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage or subconjunctival haemorrhage, is bleeding from a small blood vessel over the whites of the eye. It results in a red spot in the white of the eye. [1] There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected. [2] [3] Generally only one eye is affected. [2]
Pain, traumatic injuries of the iris, corneal abscess, inadvertent lens touch, occurrence of Anterior chamber fibrin, Intraocular hemorrhage, decompression retinopathy, hyphaema, ocular hypotension due to leakage and exogenous endophthalmitis are complication of ACP. [1] [3] [6] Traumatic cataract may occur secondary to lens trauma. [5]
The most common cause of elevated intraocular pressure is orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) caused by trauma, retrobulbar hemorrhage, infections, tumors, or prolonged hypoxemia. [3] Absolute contraindications to canthotomy include globe rupture. Complications include bleeding, infections, cosmetic deformities, and functional impairment of ...
The goal of the treatment is to fix the cause of the hemorrhage as quickly as possible. Retinal tears are closed by laser treatment or cryotherapy, and detached retinas are reattached surgically. [6] Even after treatment, it can take months for the body to clear all of the blood from the vitreous. [2]
The condition usually resolves once the vitreous hemorrhage has cleared. But, depending on the seriousness of the increased intraocular pressure, medical or surgical treatment may be advised. If IOP is not so high, medical therapy with aqueous suppressants is preferred. [3]