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  2. Opal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal

    "Natural" opal refers to polished stones consisting wholly of precious opal. Opals too thin to produce a "natural" opal may be combined with other materials to form "composite" gems. An opal doublet consists of a relatively thin layer of precious opal, backed by a layer of dark-colored material, most commonly ironstone, dark or black common ...

  3. Opalite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalite

    Opalite is a trade name for synthetic opalescent glass and various opal and moonstone simulants. Other names for this glass product include argenon, sea opal, opal moonstone, and other similar names. [1] [2] It is also used to promote impure varieties of variously colored common opal. [1]

  4. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Lab-created stones tend to have a more vivid color since impurities common in natural stones are not present in the synthetic stone. Synthetics are made free of common naturally occurring impurities that reduce gem clarity or color unless intentionally added in order to provide a more drab, natural appearance, or to deceive an assayer.

  5. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Gadolinite; Gahnite; Gahnospinel; Garnet group: Pyralspite. Almandine; Pyrope; Spessartine; Ugrandite. Andradite. Demantoid; Melanite; Topazolite; Grossular ...

  6. Biogenic silica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenic_silica

    Biogenic silica (bSi), also referred to as opal, biogenic opal, or amorphous opaline silica, forms one of the most widespread biogenic minerals. For example, microscopic particles of silica called phytoliths can be found in grasses and other plants. Silica is an amorphous metalloid oxide formed by complex inorganic polymerization processes.

  7. Moonstone (gemstone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)

    In more recent history, moonstone became popular during the Art Nouveau period; French goldsmith René Lalique and many others created a large quantity of jewellery using this stone. [5] The moonstone is the Florida State Gemstone; it was designated as such in 1970 to commemorate the Moon landings, which took off from Kennedy Space Center ...

  8. Hyalite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalite

    Hyalite is a transparent form of opal with a glassy lustre. It may exhibit an internal play of colors if natural inclusions are present. It is also called Muller's glass, water opal, and jalite. Müller's glass is named after its discoverer, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein.

  9. Photonic crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystal

    The opal in this bracelet contains a natural periodic microstructure responsible for its iridescent color. It is essentially a natural photonic crystal. Wings of some butterflies contain photonic crystals. [1] [2] A photonic crystal is an optical nanostructure in which the refractive index changes periodically.

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