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It is known for its clipped letters composed of short, straight lines and simple curves, as well as its straight and even lines of text. It was probably derived from the Thuluth and Naskh styles. Unlike other types of calligraphy, ruqʿah is not considered as an art form. Instead, it is a functional style of writing that is quick to write and ...
Besides the 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, [b] Fraktur usually includes the Eszett ß in the ſʒ form, vowels with umlauts, and the long s ſ . Some Fraktur typefaces also include a variant form of the letter r known as the r rotunda , and many include a variety of ligatures which are left over from cursive handwriting and have ...
Since its creation, Thuluth has given rise to a variety of scripts used in calligraphy and over time has allowed numerous modifications. Jeli Thuluth was developed for use in large panels, such as those on tombstones. The Muhaqqaq script was developed by widening the horizontal sections [clarification needed] of the letters in Thuluth.
A calligram is a set of words arranged in such a way that it forms a thematically related image. It can be a poem, a phrase, a portion of scripture, or a single word; the visual arrangement can rely on certain use of the typeface, calligraphy or handwriting, for instance along non-parallel and curved text lines, or in shaped paragraphs. The ...
Naskh differentiates various sounds through the use of diacritical points, in the form of 1–3 dots above or below the letter, which makes the script more easily legible. [6] Naskh uses a horizontal base line; in situations where one character starts within the tail of the preceding letter, the base line is broken and raised. [ 9 ]
Carolingian minuscule alphabet Example from 10th-century manuscript, Vulgate Luke 1:5–8.. Carolingian minuscule or Caroline minuscule is a script which developed as a calligraphic standard in the medieval European period so that the Latin alphabet of Jerome's Vulgate Bible could be easily recognized by the literate class from one region to another.
The angles of standard letters were written as curves in Roman cursive due to ease of tracing curvatures with contemporary calligraphy tools. Curves in Roman cursive were smaller than curves in standard Latin calligraphy; this is likely because smaller curves are easier to trace than larger ones. [2]
Diwani is a cursive style of Arabic calligraphy developed during the reign of the early Ottoman Turks in the 16th and early 17th centuries. It was invented by Housam Roumi, and reached its height of popularity under Süleyman I the Magnificent (1520–1566). [29] Spaces between letters are often narrow, and lines ascend upwards from right to left.