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Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are recognized as having legal immunity from the jurisdiction of another country. [1] [2] It allows diplomats safe passage and freedom of travel in a host country and affords almost total protection from local lawsuits and prosecution. [1]
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is an international treaty that defines a framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries. [2] Its aim is to facilitate "the development of friendly relations" among governments through a uniform set of practices and principles; [3] most notably, it codifies the longstanding custom of diplomatic immunity, in which ...
The convention (Article 43) [2] provides for consular immunity. Some but not all provisions in the Convention regarding this immunity reflect customary international law. [4] Consular immunity is a lesser form of diplomatic immunity. Consular officers and consular employees have "functional immunity" (i.e., immunity from the jurisdiction of the ...
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Sovereign immunity; others, see Immunity#Law; in U.S. law, see for example: in the U.S. constitution, the Privileges and Immunities Clause (to be distinguished from the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment) Sovereign immunity in the United States; privileges and immunities granted by the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
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The most fundamental rule of diplomatic law is that the person of a diplomatic agent is inviolable. [2] Diplomats may not be detained or arrested, and enjoy complete immunity from criminal prosecution in the receiving state, although there is no immunity from the jurisdiction of the sending state.
The following list sorts 65 countries according to their number of diplomatic missions in 2024. Also indicated are the number of different missions abroad such as embassies, consulates, permanent missions and of other diplomatic representations.