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The 16th caliber is known as "lordly" (Russian: барский). While shotgun bores can be expressed in calibers (the .410 bore shotgun is measured as .410 in (10.4 mm) in diameter, [12] unlike with rifles the actual bore diameter of a smoothbore shotgun varies significantly down the length of the barrel, with the use of chokes and back-boring.
The length of the barrel (especially for larger guns) is often quoted in multiples of the caliber, used, for example, in US naval rifles 3 in (76 mm) or larger. [2] The effective length of the barrel (from breech to muzzle) is divided by the barrel diameter to give a dimensionless quantity.
Therefore with a 12-gauge, it would take 12 balls of lead of the same size as the 12 gauge shotgun's inner bore diameter to weigh 1 pound (453.6 g). [5] The term is related to the measurement of cannons, which were also measured by the weight of their iron round shot; an eight-pounder would fire an 8-pound (3.6 kg) ball. Therefore, a 12 gauge ...
Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere. In more modern usage, the length d {\displaystyle d} of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being ...
This system has largely been replaced by defining the weapon in terms of the measurement of the calibre, which is the standard today for most weapon systems in use by the world's armed forces. The 18th century standards were based on a projectile's weight, which dates back to use of muzzle loaded cannons that fired solid cannonballs. The bore ...
The diameter of an object measured with a caliper is sometimes called the caliper diameter; it is the same as Feret diameter. Feret diameter applied to a projection of a 3D object. The Feret diameter or Feret's diameter is a measure of an object's size along a specified direction. In general, it can be defined as the distance between the two ...
Caliber/calibre: In small arms, the internal diameter of a firearm's barrel or a cartridge's bullet, usually expressed in millimeters or hundredths of an inch; in measuring rifled barrels this may be measured across the lands (.303 British) or grooves (.308 Winchester) or; a specific cartridge for which a firearm is chambered, such as .45 ACP or .357 Magnum.
O ratio is also used to predict barrel life in cartridges of the same caliber, but not of different calibres, since the ratio is an extensive quantity that does not correlate to temperature or pressure (e.g. a .50 cal straight cartridge may have the same overbore as a highly necked down .17 cal cartridge).