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Most plants can host a variety of pathogens and are often infected by multiple species simultaneously. [2] In ecology , species competing for the same resource can influence each other in two ways: antagonism, where one pathogen harms another, and synergism, where one pathogen supports the growth of another.
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Plant disease resistance is the ability of a plant to prevent and terminate infections from plant pathogens. Structures that help plants prevent pathogens from entering are the cuticular layer, cell walls, and stomata guard cells. Once pathogens have overcome these barriers, plant receptors initiate signaling pathways to create molecules to ...
immunoevasion, evasion of the host's immune response [1] [2] [3] immunosuppression, inhibition of the host's immune response (this includes leukocidin-mediated cell death) [1] entry into and exit out of cells (if the pathogen is an intracellular one) [4] obtain nutrition from the host [1] Specific pathogens possess a wide array of virulence ...
Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant (and hence a reduction of disease), while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels.
[6] Plant microbiomes are shaped by both factors related to the plant itself, such as genotype, organ, species and health status, as well as factors related to the plant's environment, such as management, land use and climate. [7] The health status of a plant has been reported in some studies to be reflected by or linked to its microbiome. [8 ...
Once a plant is infected, the bacteria spread through the xylem vessels from the area of infection to the main stem, and the entire plant wilts and dies. Initial symptoms may include the wilting of single leaves and smaller stems. Infected plants may produce a creamy white bacterial ooze when cut.
In 2022 the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of fungal pathogens which should be a priority for public health action. [4] Markedly more fungi are known to be pathogenic to plant life than those of the animal kingdom. [5] The study of fungi and other organisms pathogenic to plants is called plant pathology.