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Bronze disease is an irreversible and nearly inexorable corrosion process that occurs when chlorides come into contact with bronze or other copper-bearing alloys. [1] It can occur as both a dark green coating, or as a much lighter whitish fuzzy or furry green coating. [ 1 ]
Protective elements for bronze fountains are particularly important, since water is one of the leading causes for alterations or corrosion in a bronze. [2] Bronze sculptures incorporated in fountains will need more layers of wax, because the spray of water will cause deterioration of the wax at a faster pace than would normally happen.
On metal, patina is a coating of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or sulfates formed on the surface during exposure to atmospheric elements (oxygen, rain, acid rain, carbon dioxide, sulfur-bearing compounds). [2]
The prevention and removal of surface dirt and corrosion products are the primary concerns of conservator-restorers when dealing with copper or copper-alloy objects. Perseus with the Head of Medusa , bronze, by Benvenuto Cellini, in the Loggia dei Lanzi gallery on the edge of the Piazza della Signoria in Florence; picture taken after the statue ...
The precipitation can be in the form of rain, sleet or a mixture of wet weather conditions that have saturated the ground saturated deep down. The severity of the cracking of the soil depends on ...
The corrosion rate of copper in most drinkable waters is less than 2.5 μm/year, at this rate a 15 mm tube with a wall thickness of 0.7 mm would last for about 280 years. In some soft waters the general corrosion rate may increase to 12.5 μm/year, but even at this rate it would take over 50 years to perforate the same tube.
Bismuth-tin bronze is not easily corroded by water; preliminary bismuth is not easily oxidized. Used in faucets, pump components, pipe fittings, plumbing goods, water pump impellers, housings and small gears, Alloy C89835 Bismuth-Tin Bronze has density 0.321 lb/in 3 , [ 10 ] while Alloy C89844 (which is used for fittings or valves for potable ...
Bronze, or bronze-like alloys and mixtures, were used for coins over a longer period. Bronze was especially suitable for use in boat and ship fittings prior to the wide employment of stainless steel owing to its combination of toughness and resistance to salt water corrosion. Bronze is still commonly used in ship propellers and submerged bearings.