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The physical properties of gallium are highly anisotropic, ... indium, and tin is a room temperature liquid used in medical thermometers. This alloy, ...
Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at −19 °C (−2 °F) and is thus liquid at room temperature. [4] [5] In scientific literature, galinstan is also used to denote the eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, which melts at around +11 °C (52 °F). [5]
Four more elements have melting points slightly above room temperature: francium, caesium, gallium and rubidium. [1] In addition, certain mixtures of elements are liquid at room temperature, even if the individual elements are solid under the same conditions (see eutectic mixture). An example is the sodium-potassium metal alloy NaK. [2]
Boron is a semiconductor; [244] its room temperature electrical conductivity is 1.5 × 10 −6 S•cm −1 [245] (about 200 times less than that of tap water) [246] and it has a band gap of about 1.56 eV. [247] [n 23] Mendeleev commented that, "Boron appears in a free state in several forms which are intermediate between the metals and the ...
Indium is an ingredient in the gallium–indium–tin alloy galinstan, which is liquid at room temperature and replaces mercury in some thermometers. [80] Other alloys of indium with bismuth, cadmium, lead, and tin, which have higher but still low melting points (between 50 and 100 °C), are used in fire sprinkler systems and heat regulators. [67]
Gallium is a soft, brittle metal (MH 1.5) that melts at only a few degrees above room temperature. [102] It has an unusual crystalline structure featuring mixed metallic-covalent bonding and low symmetry [102] (BCN 7 i.e. 1+2+2+2). [103] It bonds covalently in most of its compounds, [104] has an amphoteric oxide; [105] and can form anionic ...
Gallium nitride (Ga N) is a binary III/V direct bandgap semiconductor commonly used in blue light-emitting diodes since the 1990s. The compound is a very hard material that has a Wurtzite crystal structure. Its wide band gap of 3.4 eV affords it special properties for applications in optoelectronics, [9] [10] [11] high-power
The following table gives the crystalline structure of the most thermodynamically stable form(s) for elements that are solid at standard temperature and pressure. Each element is shaded by a color representing its respective Bravais lattice, except that all orthorhombic lattices are grouped together.