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A freshwater lens on an island. In hydrology, a lens, also called freshwater lens or Ghyben-Herzberg lens, is a convex-shaped layer of fresh groundwater that floats above the denser saltwater and is usually found on small coral or limestone islands and atolls.
The first physical formulations of saltwater intrusion were made by Willem Badon-Ghijben in 1888 and 1889 as well as Alexander Herzberg in 1901, thus called the Ghyben–Herzberg relation. [15] They derived analytical solutions to approximate the intrusion behavior, which are based on a number of assumptions that do not hold in all field cases.
Lens (hydrology) From a page move : This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.
The cardinal points were all included in a single diagram as early as 1864 (Donders), with the object in air and the image in a different medium. Cardinal point diagram for an optical system with different media on each side. F for Focal point, P for Principal point, NP for Nodal Point, and efl for effective focal length. The chief ray is shown ...
Diagram of a simple microscope. There are two basic types of optical microscopes: simple microscopes and compound microscopes. A simple microscope uses the optical power of a single lens or group of lenses for magnification. A compound microscope uses a system of lenses (one set enlarging the image produced by another) to achieve a much higher ...
Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, PC CC FRSC FRS [1] (German: [ˈɡeːɐ̯.haʁt ˈhɛʁt͡sˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; December 25, 1904 – March 3, 1999) was a German-Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals". [2]
Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays.The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances.
A variation on the Luneburg lens antenna is the hemispherical Luneburg lens antenna or Luneburg reflector antenna. This uses just one hemisphere of a Luneburg lens, with the cut surface of the sphere resting on a reflecting metal ground plane. The arrangement halves the weight of the lens, and the ground plane provides a convenient means of ...