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v. t. e. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure ( HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It uses encryption for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet. [ 1][ 2] In HTTPS, the communication protocol is encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or, formerly, Secure Sockets ...
A server implements an HSTS policy by supplying a header over an HTTPS connection (HSTS headers over HTTP are ignored). [1] For example, a server could send a header such that future requests to the domain for the next year (max-age is specified in seconds; 31,536,000 is equal to one non-leap year) use only HTTPS: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000.
Transport Layer Security ( TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. The TLS protocol aims primarily to provide security ...
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Because the initial handshake takes place in plain text, an attacker in control of the network can modify the server messages via a man-in-the-middle attack to make it appear that TLS is unavailable (called a STRIPTLS attack). Most SMTP clients will then send the email and possibly passwords in plain text, often with no notification to the user.
Server Name Indication ( SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) computer networking protocol by which a client indicates which hostname it is attempting to connect to at the start of the handshaking process. [ 1] The extension allows a server to present one of multiple possible certificates on the same IP address and TCP ...
Datagram Transport Layer Security ( DTLS) is a communications protocol providing security to datagram -based applications by allowing them to communicate in a way designed [ 1][ 2][ 3] to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. The DTLS protocol is based on the stream -oriented Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and is ...
DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a protocol for performing remote Domain Name System (DNS) resolution via the HTTPS protocol. A goal of the method is to increase user privacy and security by preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS data by man-in-the-middle attacks [1] by using the HTTPS protocol to encrypt the data between the DoH client and the DoH-based DNS resolver. [2]