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Abbe number. In optics and lens design, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion. It is named after Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), the German physicist ...
The add segment of the lens for near vision is the D-shaped area. A bifocal is a lens with two sections, separated by a line (see image to the right). Generally, the upper part of the lens is used for distance vision, while the lower segment is used for near vision. The area of the lens that caters to near vision is called the add segment.
Binocular single vision: BV: Binocular vision: BVD: Back vertex distance BVP: Back vertex power CD: Centration distance C/D: Cup–disc ratio CF: Count fingers vision – state distance c/o or c.o. Complains of CT: Cover test c/u: Check up CW: Close work Δ: Prism dioptre D: Dioptres DC: Dioptres cylinder DNA: Did not attend DOB: Date of birth ...
Chromatic aberration. Focal length of lens varies with the color of light. In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA ), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. [ 1][ 2] It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements ...
An optical instrument is said to be diffraction-limited if it has reached this limit of resolution performance. Other factors may affect an optical system's performance, such as lens imperfections or aberrations, but these are caused by errors in the manufacture or calculation of a lens, whereas the diffraction limit is the maximum resolution ...
Abbe condensers are difficult to use for magnifications of above 400X, as the aplanatic cone is only representative of a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.6. This condenser is composed of two lenses, a plano-convex lens somewhat larger than a hemisphere and a large bi-convex lens serving as a collecting lens to the first.
The latter is the value used in the international definition of visual acuity: acuity = 1 / gap size [arc min] . Acuity is a measure of visual performance and does not relate to the eyeglass prescription required to correct vision. Instead, an eye exam seeks to find the prescription that will provide the best corrected visual performance ...
In the most familiar acuity test, a Snellen chart is placed at a standard distance: 6 metres. At this distance, the symbols on the line representing "normal" acuity subtend an angle of five minutes of arc, and the thickness of the lines and of the spaces between the lines subtends one minute of arc. This line, designated 6/6 (or 20/20), is the ...