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Ptosis of the left eyelid (unilateral ptosis). A headshot daguerreotype of an unidentified male, by William Bell in 1852. Ptosis, also known as blepharoptosis, [ 1] is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to the condition amblyopia.
Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor). Complete or partial dislocation from the orbit is also possible from trauma or ...
Specialty. Neurology. Cavernous sinus thrombosis ( CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. This is a rare disorder and can be of two types–septic cavernous thrombosis and aseptic cavernous thrombosis. [1]
A carotid-cavernous fistula results from an abnormal communication between the arterial and venous systems within the cavernous sinus in the skull. It is a type of arteriovenous fistula. As arterial blood under high pressure enters the cavernous sinus, the normal venous return to the cavernous sinus is impeded and this causes engorgement of the ...
Optic nerve glioma (or optic glioma ), a form of glioma which affects the optic nerve, is often one of the central nervous system manifestations of neurofibromatosis 1. [1] [2] Optic gliomas are usually pilocytic tumors, and can involve the optic nerve or optic chiasm. [3] Optic gliomas are usually associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 in 30 ...
Enophthalmos is a posterior displacement of the eyeball within the orbit. It is due to either enlargement of the bony orbit and/or reduction of the orbital content, this in relation to each other. [1] It should not be confused with its opposite, exophthalmos, which is the anterior displacement of the eye. It may be a congenital anomaly, or be ...
Lagophthalmos, the inability to close the eyelids completely is the main cause of exposure keratopathy.Common cause of lagophthalmos is facial nerve (CN VII) palsy. Facial nerve function may affect in several conditions like cerebrovascular accident, head trauma, brain tumors, Bell's palsy etc. Physiological inability to close the eyelids during sleep (nocturnal lagophthalmos) may also cause ...
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out ...