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An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen -encoding mRNA into immune cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a virus) or by a ...
t. e. The list of human cell types provides an enumeration and description of the various specialized cells found within the human body, highlighting their distinct functions, characteristics, and contributions to overall physiological processes. Cells may be classified [1] by their physiological function, histology (microscopic anatomy), [2 ...
Hemagglutinin (influenza) Influenza hemagglutinin ( HA) or haemagglutinin[p] ( British English) is a homotrimeric glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza viruses and is integral to its infectivity. Hemagglutinin is a Class I Fusion Protein, having multifunctional activity as both an attachment factor and membrane fusion protein.
A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen -coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. [1] [2] DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen (s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells ...
The use of fetal tissue in vaccine development is the practice of researching, developing, and producing vaccines through growing viruses in cultured (laboratory-grown) cells that were originally derived from human fetal tissue. [1] Since the cell strains in use originate from abortions, [2] there has been opposition to the practice and the ...
Genetic vaccine. A genetic vaccine (also gene-based vaccine) is a vaccine that contains nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA that lead to protein biosynthesis of antigens within a cell. Genetic vaccines thus include DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines .
Cell-based vaccine. Cell-based vaccines are developed from mammalian or more rarely avian or insect cell lines rather than the more common method which uses the cells in embryonic chicken eggs to develop the antigens. [1] The potential use of cell culture techniques in developing viral vaccines has been widely investigated in the 2000s as a ...
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material ( DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. [1] As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized ...