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Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Learn about the sources, impacts and history of acid rain on plants, aquatic life and human infrastructure.
Diagram depicting the sources and cycles of acid rain precipitation. Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake. [1]
Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Learn about the natural and human-induced factors that cause soil acidification, and how it affects plants, organisms and soil quality.
Acid mine drainage is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines and coal mines, caused by the oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals. The acidity and metals in the drainage can harm aquatic ecosystems and require treatment methods.
The Acid Rain Program is a market-based initiative taken by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in an effort to reduce overall atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. [1]
Forest dieback is a condition in which trees or woody plants lose health and die without an obvious cause. Learn about the potential causes, such as drought, heat, pathogens and acid rain, and the effects of forest dieback on ecosystems and climate change.
Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms. It occurs in situ and is distinct from erosion, which involves the transport of rocks and minerals. Learn about physical and chemical weathering, and their mechanisms and examples.
Camel's Hump is a mountain in the Green Mountains of Vermont, with a distinctive shape and a National Natural Landmark. Learn about its history, geology, climate, and hiking trails on this comprehensive article.