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Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH ). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4–5 on average. [ 1][ 2] The more acidic the acid ...
Rocks stained by ferrous precipitate from acid mine drainage on Shamokin Creek in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage ( AMD ), or acid rock drainage ( ARD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines and coal mines. [citation needed] Acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some ...
The Acid Rain Program is a market-based initiative taken by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in an effort to reduce overall atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. [1] The program is an implementation of emissions trading that primarily targets coal-burning power plants, allowing them to ...
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis both qualitative and quantitatively regarding soil characteristics. [ 1] pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions ( H+.
Freshwater acidification. Diagram depicting the sources and cycles of acid rain precipitation. Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide ), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake. [1]
Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms. It occurs in situ (on-site, with little or no movement), and so is distinct from erosion, which involves the transport of rocks and minerals by agents such as ...
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean. Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. [ 2] Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of ocean acidification, with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels exceeding 410 ppm (in 2020).
The Acid Rain Program (ARP) is an emissions trading program for power plants to control the pollutants that cause acid rain. [13] The 1990 CAA Amendments created a new title to address the issue of acid rain, and particularly nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions from electric power plants powered by fossil fuels, and ...