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Mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with the ability to fuse and divide (fission), forming constantly changing tubular networks in most eukaryotic cells. These mitochondrial dynamics, first observed over a hundred years ago [1] are important for the health of the cell, and defects in dynamics lead to genetic disorders.
Mitochondrial fission is counteracted by mitochondrial fusion, where two mitochondria fuse together to form a larger structure. [1] Fusion can result in elongated mitochondrial networks. In healthy cells, mitochondrial fission and fusion are balanced, and disruptions to these processes are linked to various diseases.
[13] [14] Therefore, achieving a balance between these mechanisms allows a cell to have the proper organization of its mitochondrial network during biogenesis and may have an important role in muscle adaptation to physiological stress. [13] The processes of fusion and fission allow for mitochondrial reorganization.
Mitochondrial dynamics, the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, is an important factor in pathologies associated with several disease conditions. [166] The hypothesis of mitochondrial binary fission has relied on the visualization by fluorescence microscopy and conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resolution of ...
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. It often occurs to defective mitochondria following damage or stress. The process of mitophagy was first described in 1915 by Margaret Reed Lewis and Warren Harmon Lewis. [1] Ashford and Porter used electron microscopy to observe mitochondrial fragments in liver lysosomes by ...
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. More specifically, MFN2 is a dynamin-like GTPase embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) which in turn affects mitochondrial dynamics, distribution, quality control, and function.
Fission (biology) Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a cell, but the term may also refer to how organisms, bodies, populations, or species split into discrete parts. [1][2][3 ...
Mitochondrial fission factor. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFF gene. [5] Its primary role is in controlling the division of mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphology changes by continuous fission in order to create interconnected network of mitochondria. This activity is crucial for normal ...