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A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
Basilar skull fracture. A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear. [1]
An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1] Most commonly this results in a herniation of orbital contents through the orbital fractures. [1] The proximity of maxillary and ethmoidal sinus ...
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...
Skull x-ray or CT scanning is used if neurological symptoms appear. These measurements are also used if concomitant depressed skull fracture is a possibility. Usual management is mainly observation. Phototherapy may be necessary if blood accumulation is significant leading to jaundice. Rarely, anaemia can develop needing blood transfusion.
Traumatic brain injury is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. [ 10 ] Brain function is temporarily or permanently impaired and structural damage may or may not be detectable with current technology.
Concussion, cerebral contusion, penetrating head injury, basilar skull fracture, traumatic brain injury. A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of ...
A clavicle fracture, also known as a broken collarbone, is a bone fractureof the clavicle.[1] Symptoms typically include pain at the site of the break and a decreased ability to move the affected arm.[1] Complications can include a collection of air in the pleural spacesurrounding the lung (pneumothorax), injury to the nervesor blood vesselsin ...