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This writing system, unrelated to the Greek alphabet, last appeared in the thirteenth century BC. In the late ninth century BC or early eighth century BC, the Greek alphabet emerged. [ 2 ] The period between the use of the two writing systems, during which no Greek texts are attested, is known as the Greek Dark Ages.
The history of the Greek alphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letter forms in the 9th–8th centuries BC during early Archaic Greece and continues to the present day. The Greek alphabet was developed during the Iron Age, centuries after the loss of Linear B, the syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek until the Late ...
The alphabet of the early western Greek dialects, where the letter eta remained an /h/, gave rise to the Old Italic alphabet which in turn developed into the Old Roman alphabet. In the eastern Greek dialects, which did not have an /h/, eta stood for a vowel, and remains a vowel in modern Greek and all other alphabets derived from the eastern ...
Unlike Ancient Greek, which had a pitch accent system, Modern Greek has variable (phonologically unpredictable) stress. Every multisyllabic word carries stress on one of its three final syllables. Enclitics form a single phonological word together with the host word to which they attach, and count towards the three-syllable rule.
The conventions for writingand romanizingAncient Greekand Modern Greekdiffer markedly. The sound of the English letterB(/b/) was written as βin ancient Greek but is now written as the digraphμπ, while the modern βsounds like the English letter V(/v/) instead. The Greek nameἸωάννηςbecame Johannesin Latinand then Johnin English, but ...
Modern Greek is written in the Greek alphabet, which has 24 letters, each with a capital and lowercase (small) form. The letter sigma additionally has a special final form. There are two diacritical symbols, the acute accent which indicates stress and the diaeresis marking a vowel letter as not being part of a digraph .
The system now familiar as the standard 24-letter Greek alphabet was originally the regional variant of the Ioniancities in Anatolia. It was officially adopted in Athensin 403 BC and in most of the rest of the Greek world by the middle of the 4th century BC. Aspirate and consonant cluster symbols.
Monotonic orthography for Modern Greek uses only two diacritics, the tonos and diaeresis (sometimes used in combination) that have significance in pronunciation, similar to vowels in Spanish. Initial /h/ is no longer pronounced, and so the rough and smooth breathings are no longer necessary.