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In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
If a single term x appears in a sum n times, then the sum is the product of n and x. If n is not a natural number , the product may still make sense; for example, multiplication by −1 yields the additive inverse of a number.
A zero-sum game is also called a strictly competitive game, while non-zero-sum games can be either competitive or non-competitive. Zero-sum games are most often solved with the minimax theorem which is closely related to linear programming duality, [5] or with Nash equilibrium. Prisoner's Dilemma is a classic non-zero-sum game. [6]
A lump sum payment is single payment of a sum of money. If you’ve got a pension plan, such as a 401(k) or an IRA, and you’d like to access the vehicle’s funds, you can typically choose ...
A lump sum is a single payment of money, as opposed to a series of payments made over time (such as an annuity). [1] [2] [3] [4]The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development distinguishes between "price analysis" and "cost analysis" by whether the decision maker compares lump sum amounts, or subjects contract prices to an itemized cost breakdown.
Life annuities may be sold in exchange for the immediate payment of a lump sum (single-payment annuity) or a series of regular payments (flexible payment annuity), prior to the onset of the annuity. The payment stream from the issuer to the annuitant has an unknown duration based principally upon the date of death of the annuitant.
Lump-sum investing vs. dollar-cost averaging. Whether in a retirement plan or otherwise, dollar-cost averaging is a good way to avoid timing the market, that is, trying to buy when the price looks ...
The concept of a decimal digit sum is closely related to, but not the same as, the digital root, which is the result of repeatedly applying the digit sum operation until the remaining value is only a single digit. The decimal digital root of any non-zero integer will be a number in the range 1 to 9, whereas the digit sum can take any value.