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[2] Example of direct replication and conceptual replication. There are two main types of replication in statistics. First, there is a type called “exact replication” (also called "direct replication"), which involves repeating the study as closely as possible to the original to see whether the original results can be precisely reproduced. [3]
[3] [4] The results of the Reproducibility Project might also affect public trust in psychology. [9] [10] Lay people who learned about the low replication rate found in the Reproducibility Project subsequently reported a lower trust in psychology, compared to people who were told that a high number of the studies had replicated. [11] [9]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
Solutions to address these challenges require important structural changes within research institutions and have important repercussions on researchers’ academic careers (see also #Challenges and future directions). The shift from a vertical model toward a more horizontal one was partly motivated by the replication crisis in psychology.
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Three dogs attacked their owner at a San Diego park Friday, killing the man and injuring another person, according to authorities and the Humane Society.
Focus on the replication crisis has led to renewed efforts in psychology to retest important findings. [41] [179] A 2013 special edition of the journal Social Psychology focused on replication studies. [13] Standardization as well as (requiring) transparency of the used statistical and experimental methods have been proposed. [180]
Mark Cuban, CEO of Cost Plus Drugs, told BI that AI's impact on a company's workforce will be determined by how well the technology is implemented.