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  2. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride. Skeletal formula of stearin, a triglyceride that is converted by saponification with sodium hydroxide into glycerol and sodium stearate. Fat in a corpse converts into adipocere, often called "grave wax".

  3. Demulsifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demulsifier

    Demulsifiers, or emulsion breakers, are a class of specialty chemicals used to separate emulsions, for example, water in oil. They are commonly used in the processing of crude oil, which is typically produced along with significant quantities of saline water. This water (and salt) must be removed from the crude oil prior to refining.

  4. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

  5. Oil dispersant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_dispersant

    Oil dispersant mechanism of action. An oil dispersant is a mixture of emulsifiers and solvents that helps break oil into small droplets following an oil spill.Small droplets are easier to disperse throughout a water volume, and small droplets may be more readily biodegraded by microbes in the water.

  6. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_dodecyl_sulfate

    For instance, SDS is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS). [26] SDS is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.

  7. Grease (lubricant) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(lubricant)

    Food-grade lubricant base oil are generally low sulfur petrochemical, less easily oxidized and emulsified. Another commonly used poly-α olefin base oil as well. [clarification needed] The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has three food-grade designations: H1, H2 and H3. H1 lubricants are food-grade lubricants used in food ...

  8. Sodium stearate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_stearate

    Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate ...

  9. Saponification value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification_value

    For example, shark oil is not suitable for soap making as it may contain more than 10% of unsaponifiable matter. [ 11 ] For edible oils, the tolerated limit of unsaponifiable matter is 1.5% (olive, refined soybean), while inferior quality crude or pomace oil could reach 3%.

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