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The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae (/ s ɪ ˈ l uː s ɪ ˌ d iː /; Greek: Σελευκίδαι, Seleukídai, "descendants of Seleucus") was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Seleucid Empire based in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
At the Seleucid Empire's height, it had consisted of territory that covered Anatolia, Persia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and what are now modern Kuwait, Afghanistan, and parts of Turkmenistan. The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture. Greek customs and language were privileged; the wide variety of local traditions had been ...
According to Polybius, King Antigonus I Monophthalmus established the Syrian kingdom which included Coele-Syria. [5] The Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great defeated the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the Battle of Panium (200 BC); he annexed the Syrian lands controlled by Egypt (Coele-Syria) and united them with his Syrian lands, thus gaining control of the entirety of Syria. [6]
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During the Seleucid period, currency struck in times of campaigns against a rival or a usurper showed the king bearded, [36] and what seems to be the earliest bronze coinage of Antiochus X shows him with a curly beard, [33] while later currency, apparently meant to show the king in firm control of his realm, depicted Antiochus X clean shaven. [37]
Antiochus IV Epiphanes [note 1] (c. 215 BC–November/December 164 BC) [1] was a Greek Hellenistic King who ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great.
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