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The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, or FERA, Pub. L. 111–21 (text), S. 386, 123 Stat. 1617, enacted May 20, 2009, is a public law in the United States enacted in 2009. The law enhanced criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws, especially regarding financial institutions, mortgage fraud, and securities fraud or commodities fraud.
The Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act (Pub. L. 103–297) is a federal law in the United States aimed at protecting consumers from telemarketing deception and abuse. The act is enforced by the Federal Trade Commission .
Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act; Other short titles: Financial Literacy and Education Improvement Act: Long title: An Act to amend the Fair Credit Reporting Act, to prevent identity theft, improve resolution of consumer disputes, improve the accuracy of consumer records, make improvements in the use of, and consumer access to, credit information, and for other purposes.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was created to prevent predatory mortgage lending. The Volcker Rule restricts how banks can invest, and the Office of Credit Ratings was charged with ensuring reliable credit ratings. The act also strengthened the existing whistleblower program.
For example, financial institutions that are regulated under the act only include institutions that are "significantly engaged in financial activities." [ 18 ] The act also provides an opt-in rule instead of opt-out which allows consumers more control over the situations in which financial institutions can handle information without consent. [ 18 ]
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; Long title: An Act to promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, to end "too big to fail", to protect the American taxpayer by ending bailouts, to protect consumers from abusive financial services practices, and for other purposes.
The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), is a United States federal law enacted in the wake of the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s. It established the Resolution Trust Corporation to close hundreds of insolvent thrifts and provided funds to pay out insurance to their depositors.
In law, fraud is an intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. [1]